Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Pages 102-109 , Summer 2008

Seeing Is Believing: Tracking Cells to Determine the Effects of Cell Transplantation

  • Jeremy Pearl, BS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
  • ,
  • Joseph C. Wu, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
    • Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Joseph C. Wu, MD, PhD, Stanford University School of Medicine, Edwards Building R354, Stanford, CA 94305-5344

References 

  1. Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S, et al. Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium. Nature. 2001;410:701–705
  2. Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S, et al. Mobilized bone marrow cells repair the infarcted heart, improving function and survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:10344–10349
  3. Haman K, Nishida M, Hirata K, et al. Local implantation of autologous bone marrow cells for therapeutic angioogenesis in patients with ischemic heart disease: clinical trial and preliminary results. Jpn Circ J. 2001;65:845–847
  4. Assmus B, Schachinger V, Teupe C, et al. Transplantation of progenitor cells and regeneration enhancement in acute myocardial infarction (TOPCARE-AMI). Circulation. 2002;106:3009–3017
  5. Strauer BE, Brehm M, Zeus T, et al. Repair of infarcted myocardium by autologous intracoronary mononuclear bone marrow cell transplantation in humans. Circulation. 2002;106:1913–1918
  6. Kutschka I, Chen IY, Kofidis T, et al. In vivo optical bioluminescence imaging of collagen-supported cardiac cell grafts. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2007;26:273–280
  7. Kutschka I, Chen IY, Kofidis T, et al. Collagen matrices enhance survival of transplanted cardiomyoblasts and contribute to functional improvement of ischemic rat hearts. Circulation. 2006;114(suppl 1):I167–I173
  8. Howarth DM. The role of nuclear medicine in the detection of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Semin Nucl Med. 2006;36:133–146
  9. Aicher A, Brenner W, Zuhayra M, et al. Assessment of the tissue distribution of transplanted human endothelial progenitor cells by radioactive labeling. Circulation. 2003;107:2134–2139
  10. Brenner W, Aicher A, Eckey T, et al. 111In-labeled CD341 hematopoietic progenitor cells in a rat myocardial infarction model. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:512–518
  11. Bellenger NG, Davies LC, Francis JM, et al. Reduction in sample size for studies of remodeling in heart failure by the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2000;2:271–278
  12. Bulte JW, Douglas T, Witwer B, et al. Magnetodendrimers allow endosomal magnetic labeling and in vivo tracking of stem cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2001;19:1141–1147
  13. Bulte JW, Douglas T, Witwer B, et al. Monitoring stem cell therapy in vivo using magnetodendrimers as a new class of cellular MR contrast agents. Acad Radiol. 2002;9(suppl 2):S332–S335
  14. Frangioni JV, Hajjar RJ. In vivo tracking of stem cells for clinical trials in cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2004;110:3378–3383
  15. Amado LC, Saliaris AP, Schuleri KH, et al. Cardiac repair with intramyocardial injection of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells after myocardial infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:11474–11479
  16. Kraitchman DL, Heldman AW, Atalar E, et al. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of mesenchymal stem cells in myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2003;107:2290–2293
  17. Kraitchman DL, Tatsumi M, Gilson WD, et al. Dynamic imaging of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells trafficking to myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2005;112:1451–1461
  18. Blute JW, Kraitchman DL. Monitoring cell therapy using iron oxide MR contrast agents. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2004;5:567–584
  19. Wu JC, Chen IY, Wang Y, et al. Molecular imaging of the kinetics of vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in ischemic myocardium. Circulation. 2004;110:685–691
  20. Jacobs A, Voges J, Reszka R, et al. Positron-emission tomography of vector-mediated gene expression in gene therapy for gliomas. Lancet. 2001;358:727–729
  21. Sheikh AY, Wu JC. Molecular imaging of cardiac stem cell transplantation. Current Cardiol Reports. 2006;8:147–154
  22. Cao F, Lin S, Ray P, et al. In vivo visualization of embryonic stem cell survival, proliferation, and migration after cardiac delivery. Circulation. 2006;113:1005–1014
  23. Wu JC, Chen IY, Sundaresan G, et al. Molecular imaging of cardiac cell transplantation in living animals using optical bioluminescence and positron emission tomography. Circulation. 2003;108:1302–1305
  24. Rodriguez-Porcel M, Brinton TJ, Chen IY, et al. Reporter gene imaging following percutaneous delivery in swine moving toward clinical applications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:595–597
  25. Bengel FM, Anton M, Richter T, et al. Noninvasive imaging of transgene expression by use of positron emission tomography in a pig model of myocardial gene transfer. Circulation. 2003;108:2127–2133
  26. Penuelas I, Mazzolini G, Boán JF, et al. Positron emission tomography imaging of adenoviral-mediated transgene expression in liver cancer patients. Gastroenterology. 2005;128:1787–1795
  27. van der Bogt KE, Sheikh AY, Schrepfer S, et al. Comparison of different adult stem cell types for treatment of myocardial ischemia. Circulation. 2008;(in press)
  28. Hofmann M, Wollert KC, Meyer GP, et al. Monitoring of bone marrow cell homing into the infarcted human myocardium. Circulation. 2005;111:2198–2202
  29. Sheikh AY, Lin SA, Cao F, et al. Molecular imaging of bone marrow mononuclear cell homing and engraftment in ischemic myocardium. Stem Cells. 2007;25:2677–2684
  30. Kehat I, Kenyagin-Karsenti D, Snir M, et al. Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into myocytes with structural and functional properties of cardiomyocytes. J Clin Invest. 2001;108:407–414
  31. Kehat I, Khimovich L, Caspi O, et al. Electromechanical integration of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2004;22:1282–1289
  32. Swijnenburg RJ, van der Bogt KE, Sheikh AY, et al. Clinical hurdles for the transplantation of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells: role of molecular imaging. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2007;18:1–8
  33. Menard C, Hagege AA, Agbulut O, et al. Transplantation of cardiac-committed mouse embryonic stem cells to infarcted sheep myocardium: a preclinical study. Lancet. 2005;366:1005–1012
  34. Swijnenburg RJ, Tanaka M, Vogel H, et al. Embryonic stem cell immunogenicity increases upon differentiation after transplantation into ischemic myocardium. Circulation. 2005;112:I166–I172
  35. Nussbaum J, Minami E, Laflamme M, et al. Transplantation of undifferentiated murine embryonic stem cells in the heart: teratoma formation and immune response. FASEB J. 2007;21:1345–1357
  36. Swijnenburg RJ, Schrepfer S, Cao F, et al. In vivo bioluminescent imaging of embryonic stem cells reveals patterns of survival and rejection following transplantation. Stem Cells Dev. 2008;(in press)
  37. Andrews PW. From teratocarcinomas to embryonic stem cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2002;357:405–417
  38. Li Z, Wu JC, Sheikh AY, et al. Differentiation, survival, and function of embryonic stem cell derived endothelial cells for ischemic heart disease. Circulation. 2007;116:I-46–I-54
  39. Li Z, Suzuki Y, Huang M, et al. Comparison of reporter gene and iron particle labeling for tracking fate of human embryonic stem cells and differentiated endothelial cells in living subjects. Stem Cells. 2008;26:865–873
  40. Xu C, Police S, Rao N, et al. Characterization and enrichment of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Circ Res. 2002;91:501–508
  41. Cao F, van der Bogt KE, Sadrzadeh A, et al. Spatial and temporal kinetics of teratoma formation from murine embryonic stem cell transplantation. Stem Cells Dev. 2007;16:883–891
  42. Cao F, Drukker M, Lin S, et al. Molecular imaging of embryonic stem cell misbehavior and suicide gene ablation. Cloning Stem Cells. 2007;9:107–117

PII: S1043-0679(08)00070-1

doi: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2008.04.002

Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Pages 102-109 , Summer 2008